PERSONALITY, PERCEPTION AND ATTRIBUTION + ATTITUDES AND VALUES

http://tulane.edu/cps/about/goals-values.cfm

Understanding Perceptions, personality, attributions, attitudes and values is very important but also is very hard, everybody has a different idea and thinking of each of those aspects but when we are a member of an organization in very important to know each one to get a better relationship and create a group dynamic. Fist we can start introducing each concept Perception is “Process by which people translate sensory impressions into a coherent and unified view of the world around them. Though necessarily based on incomplete and unverified (or unreliable) information, perception is 'the reality' and guides human behavior in general.” (http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/perception.html, August 2010). Personalities are individual characteristics, influence behavior, and there are determinants that make define the personality like the heredity and the environment. Attributions, there are two kind of attributions internal and external, the internal “it is something within the person we observe, the personality” and the external “ it is caused by something outside the person we observe, their situation” (http://www.integratedsociopsychology.net/wpimages/wpe77dc0e5.jpg, August 2010). Attitudes are Psychological tendency, favorable or unfavorable and Linked to behavior and Values are Beliefs about preferable conducts. All those aspects are fundamental inside the organizations.
Sometimes perceptions can cause several difficulties in organizations, not everybody is open mind and use to give preconceptions about the others and try to stereotypes. An example of this can be, the new employee of a company how is a beautiful girl and she is going to work in the finance part, the others women of this company when they know a pretty woman is going to work there started to talk about how she got the job and started with insinuations, they can threaten the new one like a “easy” because if she in pretty maybe she is not capable enough to achieve the place that she really got for her own skills.
Also personality and attitude are very important, sometimes there is some people how thinks they are better than others or believe their job is better or they have the truth in what they are doing and this kind of personality can cause problems in the organization, sometimes people always want to have the reason, and are really bad listening and when you are part of an organization your personality and attitude are fundamental elements, to build a perfect environment to work. In other hand values are very related with beliefs and behaviors, a perfect example of this can be apple`s case they thought that if created the ITunes online music store is to rise above a divergence between those how wanted to download copyrighted music for free and the music industry which sought to protect its artists and its revenues, all this because they belief in the values of “solving problems of society” (http://www.gurusoftware.com/gurunet/personal/topics/values.htm, August 2010)

PYGMALION EFFECT.

(http://thingaboutskins.wordpress.com/2010/02/03/my-friend-chad-victims-and-victory-and-those-visitors-who-want-indians-to-stay-virtually-the-same-part-1/, September 2010)

“The Pygmalion effect is a type of self-fulfilling prophecy (SFP) in which raising manager expectations regarding subordinate performance boosts subordinate performance. Managers who are led to expect more of their subordinates lead them to greater achievement. Programmatic research findings from field experiments are reviewed, and our present knowledge about the Pygmalion effect in the management of industrial, sales, and military organizations is summarized. A model is presented in which leadership is hypothesized to be the key mediator through which manager expectations influence subordinate self-efficacy, performance expectations, motivation, effort, and performance. The behaviors that comprise the Pygmalion Leadership Style are described.” (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science, August 2010)
The Pygmalion effect is the expectations that a person has of another person and how this can influence in the acts of the last one. Also the Pygmalion effect can be positive or negative; the positive is went the expectations or push reflects a positive effect it means the person how is pushed feels more comfortable and self-confident and in this way can achieve better results easily. The negative Pygmalion effect is when the other person made that the self-confidence fall or disappear complete.
Everyday people is living under the Pygmalion effect somebody at school because the teachers can do more effort to push those students that they think are better and can do more things, usually with those kind of students in the way that they are treat, they will give their answers and they will confirm to their teachers that the expectative that they have are correct, and if this is done in a continues way in the scholar year they will have better grades. Also at home is possible to see the effect when your parents expect that you may have first to pass the school, them university, magister, etc, when the goals are fulfillment then arrive another’s to achieve.
In organizations as well is common to the see the effect, there are some people how works better under pressure or in other hand there are other how don’t like to work in those conditions. Besides is very important to know and understand how the people and who works better under pressure or who doesn’t like to work in terms of pressure. Understanding international culture. It is important to try to understand how people works better, some cultures are slow, lazy, and for those it is better to be pushed, it means using the Pygmalion effect it’s better to encourage them also it is very useful the supervisors motivation plan because he can create better employees just by believing in them. This is even truer when working with underachievers.
I think this concept can be use to explain the relationship between national and organizational cultures because as I said before sometimes national culture tend to be in a certain way like the antioqueñan people, they always want to be the best, and went the organizations are form in Antioquia tend to be more perseverant, they like things fast, they do everything to achieve the goal, people is warm, friendly, but always has clearly which is the goal, but in the case of Bogota`s people they tend to be more focus in the goal and they don`t care for the personal part. All this to explain how culture can explain organizational culture, and how cultural differences can affect organizational environment.